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A forward error correction (FEC) and unity-rate coded (URC) autoencoder (AE)-assisted communication system is proposed for the first time, which relies on soft iterative decoding for attaining a vanishingly low error probability. The AE-demapper is specifically designed for directly calculating the extrinsic logarithmic likelihood ratios (LLRs), which can be directly entered into the URC decoder for soft iterative decoding. This avoids the potential degradation due to the conversion of symbol probabilities to bit LLRs. A comprehensive capacity analysis of the AE is performed, which demonstrates the capacity advantage of the AE-aided constellation design over its conventional quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)/ phase shift keying (PSK) counterpart. Furthermore, we carry out its EX... |
Tin selenide (SnSe) is considered a robust candidate for thermoelectric applications due to its very high thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, with values of 2.6 in p-type and 2.8 in n-type single crystals. Sn has been replaced with various lower group dopants to achieve successful p-type doping in SnSe with high ZT values. A known, facile, and powerful alternative way to introduce a hole carrier is to use a natural single Sn vacancy, VSn. Through transport and scanning tunneling microscopy studies, we discovered that VSn are dominant in high-quality (slow cooling rate) SnSe single crystals, while multiple vacancies, Vmulti, are dominant in low-quality (high cooling rate) single crystals. Surprisingly, both VSn and Vmulti help to increase the power factors of SnSe, whereas samples wi... |
Multiphase Al2O3 samples are simulated using molecular dynamics method. These samples consist of γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 crystals embedded in a disordered phase matrix. The stress–strain curves of these samples show elastic and plastic deformation. Structural analysis indicates that the AlO bond lengths are stretched and the geometries of the AlOx (x = 4, 5, and 6) units are distorted during tensile deformation. AlO bond breakage causes the transformation of AlOx units; AlO4 increases while AlO6 decreases with increasing strain. The γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 crystals transfer into the disordered phase, while a small number of atoms recrystallize under tensile loads. In plastic deformation, large simplexes with radii above 1.958 Å increase rapidly with increasing strains above 0.116, with th... |
One important requirement of modern supply chain management is the frequent exchange of containers via multiple cross-docks which requires spatial and time synchronisations between different types of vehicle. Moreover, as collaborations in logistics between several companies become popular, more flexible and extended models must be solved to consider the different needs of the companies. This is of high importance in a new logistics concept, the Physical Internet, which is expected to considerably improve the way logistics are handled in the current supply chain management.
To optimise the aforementioned requirements, a rich vehicle routing problem with pickup and delivery including numerous attributes is modelled and solved. A mathematical formulation is proposed and implemented... |
Local delivery of drug is a promising strategy to manage periodontitis characterized by chronic inflammation of the soft tissue surrounding the teeth. An optimized system should prolong the drug retention time and exhibit controlled drug permeation through the buccal mucosal layer. This study was aimed to develop hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)-based gel containing metronidazole (MTZ) loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and to enhance the antimicrobial activity of MTZ. SLNs were prepared using a combination method of solvent evaporation and hot homogenization. The results showed that the fabricated SLNs, comprising of Precirol (2.93%, w/v), Tween 80 (1.8%, w/v), and the drug:lipid ratio of 19.3% (w/w), were approximately 200 nm in size, with a narrow distribution. The HEC (3%, ... |
This work presents a study on the behavior of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomenon in pipeline steels for sour service in near-neutral media. SCC tests under static stressing conditions were performed in planar steel samples using a Cortest proof-ring coupled with a fabricated cell containing near-neutral pH solution as a corrosive medium, which simulates the soil conditions, to observe the cracking initiation stage. Characterizations of the steel samples using surface techniques such as SEM, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy show that the presence of nonmetallic inclusions takes place as pitting sites (to form corrosion pits), which constitute the most susceptible sites for SCC crack initiation. SEM images taken on the steel sample surfaces exhibit both SCC transgranular and interg... |
The current investigation revealed two prominent findings. First, the Aichi Biodiversity Targets positively affected scientific productivity, quality and international collaboration at the national level. Still, more than half of the countries on Earth (53.41%) had not acquired any interdisciplinary publication on the topic of biodiversity and tourism. Second, international collaboration was found to be an effective measure to improve scientific quality and quantity in both periods before and after the Aichi Targets. Although the impact of international collaboration on scientific output was similar between the two periods, its impact on scientific quality during 2011–2020 was lower than during 1991–2010 |
For mitigating environmental pollution caused by excess usage of urea fertilizer, this paper reports a new fertilizer formulation, based on urea incorporating chitosan (CS) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend, for the slow release of urea. The urea/CS/PVA formulations were prepared by cross-linking CS and PVA blend in the presence of urea with glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The results indicated an interaction between urea and the functional groups of CS and PVA through hydrogen bonding, which has significant effects on the thermal properties of urea/CS/PVA formulation. The surface morphology of urea/CS/PVA formulations showed that the quantity of urea crystals anchored on the surface increased with the contents of urea and the cross-linking agent. Urea/CS/PVA formulations with ... |
This paper aims to investigate the air pollution issues in Hanoi – one of the most air polluted cities in the world in recent years – on residents’ and foreign visitors’ perceptions and how their trust in the local government to establish a joint funding mechanism to mitigate air pollution in Hanoi. Such information is fundamental in order to establish an effective and efficient program to improve air quality not only in Hanoi, but also in many cities around the world. We employ a random stratified approach coupled with the contingent valuation survey and an interval regression model over a sample of 475 residents and 75 foreigners. We found that public trust is relatively low in Hanoi. Almost all respondents in the city (95%) agreed air pollution is getting worse and poor air quali... |
Solar photovoltaic systems are being widely used in green energy harvesting recently. At the same rate of growth, the modules that come to the end of life are growing fast. The solar modules contain heavy metals such as lead, tin, and cadmium, which could pollute the environment. Inspection and maintenance of solar modules are important to increase the lifetime, reduce energy loss, and environmental protection. In this research, we proposed an efficient way for inspection and classification of anomaly solar modules using infrared radiation (IR) cameras and deep neural networks. The IR cameras could capture the temperature distribution on the solar modules remotely, and the deep neural networks could accurately prediction of the anomaly modules and classification of the anomaly types... |
