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Local delivery of drug is a promising strategy to manage periodontitis characterized by chronic inflammation of the soft tissue surrounding the teeth. An optimized system should prolong the drug retention time and exhibit controlled drug permeation through the buccal mucosal layer. This study was aimed to develop hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)-based gel containing metronidazole (MTZ) loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and to enhance the antimicrobial activity of MTZ. SLNs were prepared using a combination method of solvent evaporation and hot homogenization. The results showed that the fabricated SLNs, comprising of Precirol (2.93%, w/v), Tween 80 (1.8%, w/v), and the drug:lipid ratio of 19.3% (w/w), were approximately 200 nm in size, with a narrow distribution. The HEC (3%, ... |
This work presents a study on the behavior of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomenon in pipeline steels for sour service in near-neutral media. SCC tests under static stressing conditions were performed in planar steel samples using a Cortest proof-ring coupled with a fabricated cell containing near-neutral pH solution as a corrosive medium, which simulates the soil conditions, to observe the cracking initiation stage. Characterizations of the steel samples using surface techniques such as SEM, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy show that the presence of nonmetallic inclusions takes place as pitting sites (to form corrosion pits), which constitute the most susceptible sites for SCC crack initiation. SEM images taken on the steel sample surfaces exhibit both SCC transgranular and interg... |
The current investigation revealed two prominent findings. First, the Aichi Biodiversity Targets positively affected scientific productivity, quality and international collaboration at the national level. Still, more than half of the countries on Earth (53.41%) had not acquired any interdisciplinary publication on the topic of biodiversity and tourism. Second, international collaboration was found to be an effective measure to improve scientific quality and quantity in both periods before and after the Aichi Targets. Although the impact of international collaboration on scientific output was similar between the two periods, its impact on scientific quality during 2011–2020 was lower than during 1991–2010 |
For mitigating environmental pollution caused by excess usage of urea fertilizer, this paper reports a new fertilizer formulation, based on urea incorporating chitosan (CS) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend, for the slow release of urea. The urea/CS/PVA formulations were prepared by cross-linking CS and PVA blend in the presence of urea with glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The results indicated an interaction between urea and the functional groups of CS and PVA through hydrogen bonding, which has significant effects on the thermal properties of urea/CS/PVA formulation. The surface morphology of urea/CS/PVA formulations showed that the quantity of urea crystals anchored on the surface increased with the contents of urea and the cross-linking agent. Urea/CS/PVA formulations with ... |
This paper aims to investigate the air pollution issues in Hanoi – one of the most air polluted cities in the world in recent years – on residents’ and foreign visitors’ perceptions and how their trust in the local government to establish a joint funding mechanism to mitigate air pollution in Hanoi. Such information is fundamental in order to establish an effective and efficient program to improve air quality not only in Hanoi, but also in many cities around the world. We employ a random stratified approach coupled with the contingent valuation survey and an interval regression model over a sample of 475 residents and 75 foreigners. We found that public trust is relatively low in Hanoi. Almost all respondents in the city (95%) agreed air pollution is getting worse and poor air quali... |
Solar photovoltaic systems are being widely used in green energy harvesting recently. At the same rate of growth, the modules that come to the end of life are growing fast. The solar modules contain heavy metals such as lead, tin, and cadmium, which could pollute the environment. Inspection and maintenance of solar modules are important to increase the lifetime, reduce energy loss, and environmental protection. In this research, we proposed an efficient way for inspection and classification of anomaly solar modules using infrared radiation (IR) cameras and deep neural networks. The IR cameras could capture the temperature distribution on the solar modules remotely, and the deep neural networks could accurately prediction of the anomaly modules and classification of the anomaly types... |
This study adopts the bibliometric approach to identify the key characteristics in the relationship of demographic factors (age, gender, affiliations, and locations), scientific productivity, and the collaboration among development economics researchers in Vietnam during the period 2008–2020. Overall, the number of publications and authors in development economics are rising steeply with the average annual growth rate of nearly 23% and 26%, respectively. Moreover, the ‘quality’ of the research appears to be high as 59% of the articles are published in journals in the first and second quartile according Scimago journal ranking. However, the citation counts for these studies indicate their impacts are far more languishing in comparison. In terms of research trends, this study identifi... |
This work addresses the prediction and optimization of average surface roughness (Ra) and maximum flank wear (Vbmax) of 6061 aluminum alloy during high-speed milling. The investigation was done using a DMU 50 CNC 5-axis machine with Ultracut FX 6090 fluid. Four factors were examined: the table feed rate, cutting speed, depth of cut, and cutting length. Three levels of each factor were examined to conduct 81 experiment runs. The response parameters in these experiments were measurements of Ra and Vbmax. |
This short article represents the first attempt to define a new core cultural value that will enable engaging the business sector in humankind’s mission to heal nature. First, I start with defining the problem of the current business culture and the extant thinking on how to solve environmental problems, which I called “the eco-deficit culture.” Then, I present a solution to this problem by formulating the “semiconducting principle” of monetary and environmental values exchange, which I believe can generate “an eco-surplus business culture.” This work adds one new element, the eleventh cultural value, to the ten core values of progressive cultures postulated by Harrison (2000). |
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine acceptance is essential in controlling the virus. Vaccine knowledge influences vaccine acceptance and understanding this is vital in planning immunization strategies |
