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    • Evaluation of the decision-making process within the table-top exercise of the Terror and Disaster Surgical Care (TDSC®) course
    Authors: Gerhard, Achatz; Alexander, Reckziegel; Benedikt, Friemert;  Advisor: -;  Co-Author: - (2023)

    The threat of terror is omnipresent in Europe and the number of attacks worldwide is increasing. The target of attacks in Europe is usually the civilian population. Incalculable dangerous situations at the scene of the event and severe injury patterns such as complex gunshot and explosion injuries with a high number of highly life-threatening people present rescue forces, emergency physicians and subsequently hospitals with medical, organizational as well as tactical and strategic challenges. The Terror and Disaster Surgical Care (TDSC®) course trains clinical decision-makers to meet these challenges of a TerrorMASCAL in the first 24–48 h.
    • Rationale for sequential extracorporeal therapy (SET) in sepsis
    Authors: Claudio, Ronco; Lakhmir, Chawla; Faeq, Husain-Syed;  Advisor: -;  Co-Author: - (2023)

    Sepsis and septic shock remain drivers for morbidity and mortality in critical illness. The clinical picture of patients presenting with these syndromes evolves rapidly and may be characterised by: (a) microbial host invasion, (b) establishment of an infection focus, (c) opsonisation of bacterial products (e.g. lipopolysaccharide), (d) recognition of pathogens resulting in an immune response, (e) cellular and humoral effects of circulating pathogen and pathogen products, (f) immunodysregulation and endocrine effects of cytokines, (g) endothelial and organ damage, and (h) organ crosstalk and multiple organ dysfunction. Each step may be a potential target for a specific therapeutic approach.
    • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: a narrative review
    Authors: Francesco, Alessandri; Matteo Di, Nardo; Kollengode, Ramanathan;  Advisor: -;  Co-Author: - (2023)

    A growing body of evidence supports the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) refractory to maximal medical therapy. ARDS may develop in a proportion of patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and ECMO may be used to manage patients refractory to maximal medical therapy to mitigate the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury and provide lung rest while awaiting recovery. The mortality of COVID-19-related ARDS was variously reassessed during the pandemic.
    • BIS-guided sedation prevents the cough reaction of patients under general anaesthesia caused by extubation: a randomized controlled trial
    Authors: Erfei, Zhang; Xiaoying, Zhao; Xiaoyan, An;  Advisor: -;  Co-Author: - (2023)

    The multiple modes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission including airborne, droplet, contact and faecal–oral transmissions that cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) contribute to a public threat to the lives of people worldwide. Heavy aerosol production by coughing and the big peak expiratory flow in patients with respiratory infections (especially SARS-CoV-2) during recovery from general anaesthesia are the highest risk factors for infection in healthcare workers. To perform sedation before extubation significantly reduced the incidence of coughing during recovery from general anaesthesia. However, there are few studies on endotracheal tube removal under BIS-guided sedation in postanaesthesia care unit (PACU).
    • Critically ill patient mortality by age long-term follow-up (CIMbA-LT)
    Authors: João, Gonçalves-Pereira; André, Oliveira; Tatiana, Vieira;  Advisor: -;  Co-Author: - (2023)

    The past years have witnessed dramatic changes in the population admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Older and sicker patients are now commonly treated in this setting due to the newly available sophisticated life support. However, the short- and long-term benefit of this strategy is scarcely studied.