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For policies and programs aiming at reducing climate risk, it is important to obtain vulnerability information at the sub-national level to identify hotspots. For the case of Costa Rica, no sub-national climate vulnerability index exists to date. To fill this gap, we constructed a climate vulnerability index at the canton level. We ground our work in the conceptual framework that vulnerability is a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Making extensive use of geographic information systems and publicly available data, we constructed 13 spatial layers to reflect the multi-dimensionality of vulnerability. Layers reflect for example, changes in climatic extremes, flood risk, vegetation cover, access to infrastructure (road density) and health services (distance to h... |
As an intermediate layer located between buildings and cities, neighborhoods are considered critical with regard to the transition to low-carbon cities and zero-emission societies. Sustainable and zero-emission neighborhood (ZEN) projects can be characterized as both complex and multi-organizational. However, there is currently only limited research available concerning collaboration among organizations in relation to ZEN projects. In particular, there is a lack of evidence as to how lead organizations arrange procurement for ZEN projects. Using a case study approach, this paper explores the potential of procurement to serve as a system integrator in ZEN projects. Our findings indicate that system integration by means of procurement in ZEN projects is difficult due to several challe... |
Environmental impacts associated with the fashion industry concern society and require commitment to sustainable development goals from leading companies. The role of the luxury sector in setting trends and negotiating power within the supply chain can lead this industry towards sustainability. This study constructs a comprehensive operational flux inventory attributed to an Italian luxury garment brand, aiming to investigate and propose feasible strategies to reduce potential impacts coupled with their products. |
This paper presents a novel approach to estimate major ion concentrations in estuaries from a known specific conductance. Assuming two-source conservative mixing at steady state, we propose an extension of the Practical Salinity Scale 1978 to estimate concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids as functions of the conductivity ratio, which is the ratio of sample conductivity and seawater conductivity. We employ an extensive salinity data set that includes measurements of specific conductance and concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids to demonstrate its validity and limitations for the San Francisco estuary. We show the proposed extension to be valid in waters influenced by seawater intrusion at specific conductance values greater than or equal to 0.25 mS... |
What is the meaning of ‘consensus’ within and beyond the UNFCCC? What alternative interpretations of consensus are available based on consensus facilitation practice and related literature? This article assesses the mismatch between how the UNFCCC interprets consensus and its broader interpretation in the facilitation practice literature, and proposes a way forward using the concept of ‘standing aside’ more prominently. The restrictive consensus interpretation has far-reaching implications for the ability of the world’s central climate regime to be fit for purpose, i.e., facilitating multilateral climate action. The analysis of consensus in the UNFCCC points to the central problems of unpredictability and ambiguity in the determination that consensus exists. |
Recently, several urban areas are trying to mitigate the environmental impacts of traffic, where noise pollution is one of the main consequences. Thus, studying the determinants of traffic-related noise generation and developing a model that predicts the level of noise by controlling the influencing factors are crucial for transportation planning purposes. This research aims at utilizing the response surface method (RSM) to develop a robust statistical prediction model of traffic-related noise levels and optimize different traffic characteristics’ ranges to reduce the expected noise levels. The results indicate that the rate of Leq increase is higher at traffic flow values less than the 1204 veh/h. The interaction effect of flow-speed and flow-heavy vehicle percentage pairs shows th... |
Many frameworks exist across the sciences and science-policy interface, but it is not always clear how they are developed or can be applied. It is also often vague how new or existing frameworks are positioned in a theory of science to advance a specific theory or paradigm. This article examines these questions and positions the role of frameworks as integral but often vague scientific tools, highlighting benefits and critiques. While frameworks can be useful for synthesizing and communicating core concepts in a field, they often lack transparency in how they were developed and how they can be applied. |
Migrants and refugees/asylum seekers make up a significant proportion of the European workforce. They often suffer from poor working conditions, which might impact mental health. The main objective of this systematic review was to summarize and analyze existing research on working conditions of migrants and refugees/asylum seekers in European host countries and compare them to those of natives. Furthermore, the relationship between working conditions and mental health of migrants/refugees/asylum seekers and natives will be compared. |
Forest management methods and harvest intensities influence wood production, carbon sequestration and biodiversity. We devised different management scenarios by means of stakeholder analysis and incorporated them in the forest growth simulator PREBAS. To analyse impacts of harvest intensity, we used constraints on total harvest: business as usual, low harvest, intensive harvest and no harvest. We carried out simulations on a wall-to-wall grid in Finland until 2050. |
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is one of the most important parameters used for water quality assessment. Alternative methods are essential for accurately prediction of this parameter because the traditional method in predicting the BOD is time-consuming and it is inaccurate due to inconstancies in microbial multiplicity. In this study, the applicability of four hybrid neuro-fuzzy (ANFIS) methods, ANFIS with genetic algorithm (GA), ANFIS with particle swarm optimization (PSO), ANFIS with sine cosine algorithm (SCA), and ANFIS with marine predators algorithm (MPA), was investigated in predicting BOD using distinct input combinations such as potential of hydrogen (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), water temperature (WT), suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen ... |
