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The Marshall Decision of Canada’s Supreme Court inspired the Mi’kmaq in the 1700s regarding recognizing fishing rights to the Mi’kmaq communities. Despite this recognition, the Mi’kmaq communities did not have access to commercial fisheries due to the denial of absolute recognition of territories and rights and underrepresentation and participation in resource allocation, governance, and decision-making processes. A potential approach to these issues is the development of third-party Indigenous community-based sustainability certification standards for the American lobster (Homarus americanus) commercial fishery of Nova Scotia by Mi’kmaq communities. An Indigenous certification is a market-based tool that focuses on a holistic approach to the sustainability of the resource, followed... |
The electrostatic properties of clay (or other charged) mineral surfaces play a significant role in the fate, transport, persistence, and remediation of subsurface contaminant plumes. This study presents a stochastic assessment of the impact and relevance of microscale electrostatic effects on macroscopic, field-scale contaminant transport in heterogeneous groundwater systems involving spatially distributed clay zones. We present Monte Carlo simulations in two-dimensional heterogeneous fields, comprising heterogeneous distributions of physical (i.e., hydraulic conductivity, porosity, tortuosity) and electrostatic (i.e., surface charge) properties, and compare scenarios with different combination and extent of physical and electrostatic processes. The simulations were performed with ... |
This study analyses whether board diversity in terms of gender and culture, as well as members’ experience and tenure, has a positive influence on the undertaking of environmental practices. The analysis was performed on a broad sample of international companies from 29 countries, on the basis of an index made up of 55 environmental activities. We designed a Tobit model in which the index of environmental practices is a function of several features of the board. The findings confirm that more diverse boards, with more experienced and long-tenured members, are more prone to the environmental commitment by promoting a broader range of environmental initiatives. The article provides new insights in terms of the influence of board diversity in culture, experience, and tenure. We extend ... |
The impacts of climate change on rural cultures and livelihoods depend on how the resulting complex biophysical processes may transform people’s land use practices. We argue that research can incorporate local concerns of compound hazards through deterministic rather than probabilistic approaches to better understand the multiple causations involved in such climate change impacts. We apply mixed methods within a storyline approach to examine how a forest reindeer herding community in Northern Sweden copes with and experiences basal ice formation on their winter pasturelands under the influence of climatic and environmental change. Our results show that the detrimental impact of basal ice formation on the availability of winter forage for reindeer is amplified by the directional effe... |
Effective flood risk management (FRM) requires a mix of policy instruments that reduces, shares, and manages flood risk. The social acceptability of these policy instruments—the degree of public support or opposition to their use—is an important consideration when designing an optimal mix to achieve FRM objectives. This paper examines public attitudes toward FRM policy instruments based on a national survey of Canadians living in high-risk areas. Respondents were asked their views on flood maps, disaster assistance, flood insurance, flood risk disclosure and liability, and property buyouts. The results indicate that all five policy instruments have high social acceptability, but they must be calibrated to ensure access to flood risk information and achieve a fair distribution of FRM... |
Wind power has become an increasingly important source of renewable energy in Norway. Current demand and production capacity have exceeded expectations stipulated in energy policies a few years back. Wind power affects landscape characteristics, and the rapid development has created considerable public conflict. However, knowledge to date about public attitudes toward wind power development in Norway is limited. We surveyed a representative sample of the Norwegian public to examine relationships between wind power development and place attachment, localization, and policies. We also examined if attitudes toward wind power are linked to broader environmental attitudes and meaning of place. Public attitudes range from strong support to strong opposition. We found limited support for N... |
This study investigates the influence of tip speed ratio (TSR) as maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique on energy conversion for wind-powered electric vehicles (EVs) charging stations. The data for 14 different models of (EVs) as well as the energy demand profile for El Sherouk city in new Cairo, Egypt, is used in the study. Those vehicles represent the models that are most likely to be used according to the nature of the Egyptian market from economic and technological concerns. This includes range, battery capacity, battery technology and charging methods. charging can be in the form of fast DC, three phases which are suitable for commercial charging stations or a single phase charging suitable for residential use. A simulation is done using MATLAB/Simulink for a wind turbi... |
The main goal of this work is to obtain reliable predictions of pollutant concentrations related to maritime traffic (SO2, PM10, NO2, NOX, and NO) in the Bay of Algeciras, located in Andalusia, the south of Spain. Furthermore, the objective is to predict future air quality levels of the principal maritime traffic-related pollutants in the Bay of Algeciras as a function of the rest of the pollutants, the meteorological variables, and vessel data. In this sense, three scenarios were analysed for comparison, namely Alcornocales Park and the cities of La Línea and Algeciras. A database of hourly records of air pollution immissions, meteorological measurements in the Bay of Algeciras region and a database of maritime traffic in the port of Algeciras during the years 2017 to 2019 were use... |
Many regions worldwide face soil loss rates that endanger future food supply. Constructing soil and water conservation measures reduces soil loss but comes with high labor costs. Multi-objective optimization allows considering both soil loss rates and labor costs, however, required spatial data contain uncertainties. Spatial data uncertainty has not been considered for allocating soil and water conservation measures. We propose a multi-objective genetic algorithm with stochastic objective functions considering uncertain soil and precipitation variables to overcome this gap. We conducted the study in three rural areas in Ethiopia. Uncertain precipitation and soil properties propagate to uncertain soil loss rates with values that range up to 14%. Uncertain soil properties complicate t... |
We set out to reveal the effects of long-term changes in land use and long-term average climate on the regional biophysical environment in southern Malawi. Object-oriented supervised image classification was performed on Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images from 1990 to 2020 to identify and quantify past and present land use-land cover changes using a support vector machine classifier. Subsequently, using 2000 and 2010 land use-land cover in an artificial neural network, land use-land cover for 2020 driven by elevation, slope, precipitation and temperature, population density, poverty, distance to major roads, and distance to villages data was simulated. Between 1990 and 2020, area of land cover increased in built-up (209%), bare land (10%), and cropland (10%) and decreased in forest (3... |
