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This article identifies the principal signs forming the language of investment law and arbitration, isolating for each of them its signifier and its signified in light of how such signs are used by arbitrators, practitioners and scholars. In light of this analysis, investment arbitration is assessed from a semiotic standpoint in order to verify whether it is possible, under this perspective, to consider international investment law as a multilateralised branch of international law, with a common language, customs and rules rightly referred to by international arbitral tribunals, or if the term “international investment law” is merely a conventional expression that simply groups togeth... |
Management of a patient with an active pheochromocytoma and severe aortic stenosis remains controversial. Adrenalectomy for a pheochromocytoma poses a high risk for stroke, hypertensive emergency, and mortality, compounded by the cardiovascular instability of severe aortic stenosis. In this case report, successful management of an active pheochromocytoma with concomitant severe aortic stenosis was accomplished by performing transcatheter aortic valve replacement under monitored anesthesia care prior to laparoscopic adrenalectomy. |
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are increasingly used in sandwich construction to improve mechanical performance of structures. The effective material properties used in modelling FGM structures, however, are dependent on a chosen homogenization scheme. For the first time, the influence of different homogenization schemes on large deflections of dual-phase FGM sandwich beams is studied in this paper by using a nonlinear finite element procedure. |
We consider a two-dimensional determinantal point process arising in the random normal matrix model and which is a two-parameter generalization of the complex Ginibre point process. In this paper, we prove that the probability that no points lie on any number of annuli centered at 0 satisfies large n asymptotics of the form... |
Multi-output Gaussian processes (MOGPs) can help to improve predictive performance for some output variables, by leveraging the correlation with other output variables. In this paper, our main motivation is to use multiple-output Gaussian processes to exploit correlations between outputs where each output is a multi-class classification problem. MOGPs have been mostly used for multi-output regression. There are some existing works that use MOGPs for other types of outputs, e.g., multi-output binary classification. |
To further reduce the driving field of Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-based piezoceramics to meet the requirements for real actuators applications, SrTiO3 modified 0.99Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-0.01LaFeO3 piezoceramics were synthesized. The 0.79Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-0.01LaFeO3-0.20SrTiO3 provides the large electrostrains of 405 pm/V at 1.7 kV/mm and 565 pm/V at 2 kV/mm, which are triable values for actuator applications in non-textured Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-based piezoceramics. |
It is still a challenge to achieve large-area preparation of robust superhydrophobic surfaces with strong mechanical stability. Here, a simple and low-cost method to prepare robust decoupling superhydrophobic coatings on aluminum (Al) alloys substrate has been presented. The superhydrophobicity and robustness of decoupling coatings are realized by structuring surfaces at two different length scales, with nanostructures for superhydrophobicity and microstructures for robustness. This prepared decoupling coating shows promising superhydrophobicity, with water contact angle (CA) of ∼158.4° and roll off angle (RA) of ∼3°. |
Endotracheal extubation under deep anesthesia (deep extubation) has been proved to present stable hemodynamics and steady intracranial pressure during emergence from anesthesia in patients undergoing craniotomy. This study aims to examine, in comparison with deep extubation, if a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) could provide a safer and smoother emergence from anesthesia in patients undergoing craniotomy. |
The main objective of this research is to determine the perception of teachers about the elements that increases the educational effectiveness of gamified apps in primary education. A methodology based on an importance-performance analysis was daeveloped, using a structural equations model to calcuate the degree of importance of each variable. The sample was formed of 212 Spanish teachers with experience using educational apps in the teaching–learning process. Six categories were identified as precursors of educational effectiveness: (1) curriculum connection, (2) feedback and operational experience, (3) assessment and learning analytics, (4) sustainability (Protection Personal data),... |
Forest models are becoming essential tools in forest research, management, and policymaking but currently are under deep transformation. In this review of the most recent literature (2018–2022), we aim to provide an updated general view of the main topics currently attracting the efforts of forest modelers, the trends already in place, and some of the current and future challenges that the field will face. |
Despite its popularity in recent theorisations of law as an artifact, the idea that law is an immaterial being, independent from even the documents that contain legal acts, has not been subjected to a focused analysis. This paper fills this noticeable gap. After providing generalizing account of the Immateriality Thesis, based on its different expositions in the literature, the paper criticises it. First, it argues that it is based on the counterfactual assumption that semantic content can exist beyond any carrier for itself. The paper then elaborates on the thesis’ empirical implausibility, particularly its ignorance of how much the law is as it is due to writing. Third, the paper re... |
We investigate the queue number of posets in terms of their width, that is, the maximum number of pairwise incomparable elements. A long-standing conjecture of Heath and Pemmaraju asserts that every poset of width w has queue number at most w. The conjecture has been confirmed for posets of width w=2 via so-called lazy linear extension. We extend and thoroughly analyze lazy linear extensions for posets of width w>2. Our analysis implies an upper bound of (w−1)2+1 on the queue number of width-w posets, which is tight for the strategy and yields an improvement over the previously best-known bound. Further, we provide an example of a poset that requires at least w+1 queues in every linea... |
Mortality and suboptimal biological performance are a widespread problem in finfish farming. The associated losses constitute an environmental opportunity cost that needs to be thoroughly assessed to prioritize actions aiming at reducing the environmental impacts of finfish aquaculture. We here propose and demonstrate the use of a new parameterized and consequential LCA model of sea-trout production designed to assess the environmental opportunity costs of suboptimal biological performances, considering distinct mortalities and biological feed conversion ratios (FCRs) along the rearing process. |
In this work we consider solutions to stochastic partial differential equations with transport noise, which are known to converge, in a suitable scaling limit, to solution of the corresponding deterministic PDE with an additional viscosity term. Large deviations and Gaussian fluctuations underlying such scaling limit are investigated in two cases of interest: stochastic linear transport equations in dimension D≥2 and 2D Euler equations in vorticity form. In both cases, a central limit theorem with strong convergence and explicit rate is established. The proofs rely on nontrivial tools, like the solvability of transport equations with supercritical coefficients and Γ-convergence argume... |
This work analyses the relationship between Leader and Member Exchange (LMX) and Co-worker Exchanges in a triad. Using a large sample of 1579 observations, our work provides theoretical and empirical support to the idea that the quality of the relationship between two co-workers, rather than being an objective characteristic of the dyad, is in fact an individual variable affected by the perception that each co-worker has of the relationship each member of the same dyad holds with their common leader. |
This book directly helps decision-makers and change agents in companies, NGOs, and government bodies become more proficient in transformative, collaborative change in realizing the SDGs. This practitioner’s handbook translates a systemic – and enlivening – approach to collaboration into day-to-day work and management. It connects the emerging practice of multi-stakeholder collaboration to easily understandable models, tools, and cases. Numerous, concrete cases not only bring this methodology to life, but also help identify the challenges and avoid common mistakes. The book can be used as a guide to apply a breakthrough approach for navigating the complexity of stakeholder systems, des... |
Preparing today's students to be effective leaders in their professional lives requires that they hone their cultural intelligence as it is vital to working inter- and intra-culturally in today's global economy. This unique ability to identify, recognize, and acknowledge the differences and similarities that exist between and among cultural groups and systems will set their leadership skills apart from the masses. And when applied, cultural intelligence can bridge the gap in cultural misunderstanding by creating awareness, knowledge, and patience of cultural norms and behaviors. |
Technology creates variant learning experiences which are context specific. This study examined the comparative potential of multimodal and text-based Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) in fostering learner autonomy, learner engagement and learner e-satisfaction as well as learner writing quality. To this end, 40 Iranian male and female EFL (English as foreign language) students were selected on the basis of their writing proficiency and were randomly assigned into text-based and multimodal CMC research groups. Learner autonomy was investigated using Van Nguyen and Habók ‘s learner autonomy questionnaire, which had 40 items rated on 5 point likert scale, both before and after the t... |
