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Society 5.0 establishes innovations and innovativeness as the basic platforms for accelerating the development of solution-based strategies for the sustainability problems every society is facing. It features an interactive cycle operating at a society-wide level through which data are collected, analyzed and transformed into applicable technology for the real world. Transforming the current society into a super smart society requires in-depth knowledge of the Internet of Things, robotics and artificial intelligence. Being a member of the 4th industrial revolution is significant; however, it is equally important to alleviate the socioeconomic challenges associated with it and to maintain sustainability. From cellulose to carbon, fibers have utmost importance in technological applica... |
‘The : A Dark Parable’ summarizes issues regarding intellectual property rights and immaterial culture through a nuanced reading of how First Nations Peoples worldwide have been forced by forms of neoliberal-capitalist exploitation of the knowledge commons to ring-fence and/or commodify their lived traditions, in many cases dating back 100,000 years and clearly predating any and all Western (First World) concepts of ownership. The intention of the structuralist-inspired reading of this enforced defensive position is to emphasize and clarify issues concerning prior art and moral rights, two of the most ambiguous and gamed elements of copyright and patent law. Drawing upon the international context of the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007) and the Convention for Sa... |
The collapse of Genesis is the latest in a cascade of failures of crypto lenders. The last year has seen numerous major crypto lenders, such as Celsius, Voyager and BlockFi, going out of business in domino-like fashion. The failures have revealed the vulnerabilities of crypto-market lenders’ business model, most notably the liquidity and maturity mismatches in their loan portfolios, and their markedly weak corporate governance. The present article explores avenues to regulate crypto lending within the framework of EU financial services regulation. It argues that crypto lenders should be taken as falling within the definition of credit institutions under EU law, and thus, as a result, should be subject to the stringent licensing and prudential requirements introduced by the Capital R... |
In this study, the linear free vibration of intact and cracked functionally graded material plates is investigated numerically and experimentally. The experimental work is limited to the isotropic materials. The numerical work is based on finite element, where a code is developed to obtain the natural frequencies of intact plates based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) using MATLAB software. Also, a model of through-cracked FGM plate is developed using ANSYS Workbench with the help of APDL coding. The material properties of the plates under study are graded in one, two, and three directions. The novelty of this study emerges through its examination of the synergistic impacts resulting from variations in FGM material properties, crack length, crack orientation, and c... |
Since at least as far back as the infamous Derek Bentley case of the 1950s in which an unarmed 19-year-old was convicted and executed for murder based on his alleged uttering of the words let him have it to his gun-wielding accomplice, the issue of incitement has been positioned firmly as an object of interest for forensic linguists. An example of a language crime—i.e. an unlawful speech act (as reported by Shuy in Language crimes: The use and abuse of language evidence in the courtroom, Wiley Blackwell, Hoboken, 1993) the features of incitement—formalized as intentionally encouraging or assisting others to commit an offence in the law of England & Wales under section 44 of the Serious Crime Act 2007 (https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2007/27/contents)—have been widely debated by... |
In the evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) — one of the standard biomarkers for breast cancer— visual assessment is laborious and subjective. Image analysis using whole slide image (WSI) could produce more consistent results; however, color variability in WSIs due to the choice of stain and scanning processes may impact image analysis. We therefore developed a calibration protocol to diminish the staining and scanning variations of WSI using two calibrator slides. The IHC calibrator slide (IHC-CS) contains peptide-coated microbeads with different concentrations. The color distribution obtained from the WSI of stained IHC-CS reflects the staining process and scanner characteristics. A color chart slide (CCS) is also useful for cali... |
Hybrid bond layers (BLs) were designed, fabricated, and evaluated for cold spray metallization of CFRP. The bond layers consisted of metal mesh embedded in a polymer film adhesive co-cured to the CFRP. Efforts were devoted to identifying the critical opening ratio—i.e., the ratio of mesh opening size to powder diameter, for deposition of an adherent coating. Analysis of powder deposited at mesh openings show a transition from erosion (at a mesh opening ratio of 6.4) to mechanical interlocking and formation of a continuous coating with decreasing opening ratio. Selection of opening ratio yielded either (a) a grid of consolidated thin-walled deposits atop mesh wires separated by microchannel openings, or (b) densified coatings of cold-sprayed Ti. The effective opening ratio increased ... |
Platinum group metals (PGMs) are recovered using molten Cu or Pb as collector metals during pyrometallurgical recycling processes. The collector metal containing PGMs is oxidized to produce a PGM-enriched alloy and slag, primarily containing Cu or Pb oxide. Additionally, the slag comprises a considerable amount of PGMs. Therefore, it is returned to the upstream processes to be used as a secondary raw material, and some of PGMs remain in the recycling processes. Herein, the distributions of Rh, Pd, and Pt between molten metals (Cu, Pb) and corresponding metal oxide-based (CuO0.5, PbO) slags were investigated at 1523 K. SiO2 or CaO was added to the slag to a maximum concentration of 20 mass pct, thereby reducing the oxygen partial pressure in the system. Furthermore, the addition of a... |
Currently, the clinical treatment of critical bone defects attributed to various causes remains a great challenge, and repairing these defects with synthetic bone substitutes is the most common strategy. In general, tissue engineering materials that mimic the structural, mechanical and biological properties of natural bone have been extensively applied to fill bone defects and promote in situ bone regeneration. Hydrogels with extracellular matrix (ECM)-like properties are common tissue engineering materials, among which methacrylate-based gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels are widely used because of their tunable mechanical properties, excellent photocrosslinking capability and good biocompatibility. Owing to their lack of osteogenic activity, however, GelMA hydrogels are combined with other... |
Corporate groups with minority shareholders in one or more subsidiaries are common around the world, despite the risks such arrangements pose to those shareholders. Shaping a firm as a web of formally independent, minority-co-owned legal entities facilitates controllers’ diversion of corporate wealth (tunnelling) via intragroup transactions and other non-transactional techniques. While many jurisdictions leave the regulation of intragroup transactions to ordinary remedies against self-dealing, others (mostly in Europe) establish a special regime centred on a relaxation of directors’ fiduciary duties. Under this special regime, subsidiary directors are not liable if they make disadvantageous decisions that are beneficial to other entities within their group, provided that proper comp... |