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Understanding the temporal and spatial dynamics and determinants of public transport ridership play an important role in urban planning. Previous studies have focused on exploring the determinants at the station level using global models, or a local model, geographically weighted regression (GWR), which cannot reveal spatial autocorrelation at the global level. This study explores the factors affecting bus ridership considering spatial autocorrelation using the spatial Durbin model (SDM). Taking the community in Beijing as the basic study unit, this study aims to explore the temporal and spatial dynamics of bus ridership and identify its key determinants considering neighboring effects. The results show the following: (1) The temporal dynamics are quite distinct on weekdays and week... |
The astonishingly distinct lubricity difference between the ionic liquid modified carbon nanoparticles grafted by anion and cation moieties (A-g-CNPs and C-g-CNPs) was well established as additives of polyethylene glycol (PEG200). The peripheral anion moieties and positively charged inner parts of C-g-CNPs could successively absorb onto the friction interfaces by electrostatic interactions to form the organic—inorganic electric double layer structures, tremendously boosting the lubricity of PEG200. Contrarily, the preferentially electrostatic adsorption of negatively charged inner parts but repulsion of the peripheral cation moieties determined the weak embedded stability of A-g-CNPs between the friction interfaces, even impairing the lubricity of PEG200. |
Domain Adaptation (DA) is a technique that aims at extracting information from a labeled remote sensing image to allow classifying a different image obtained by the same sensor but at a different geographical location. This is a very complex problem from the computational point of view, specially due to the very high-resolution of multispectral images. TCANet is a deep learning neural network for DA classification problems that has been proven as very accurate for solving them. TCANet consists of several stages based on the application of convolutional filters obtained through Transfer Component Analysis (TCA) computed over the input images. |
The notion of “bounded rationality” was introduced by Simon as an appropriate framework for explaining how agents reason and make decisions in accordance with their computational limitations and the characteristics of the environments in which they exist (seen metaphorically as two complementary scissor blades).We elaborate on how bounded rationality is usually conceived in psychology and on its relationship with logic. We focus on the relationship between heuristics and some non-monotonic logical systems. |
This book is arranged by learning objectives. The headings, summaries, reviews, and problems all link together via the learning objectives. This helps instructors to teach what they want, and to assign the problems that correspond to the learning objectives covered in class. |
Research has shown that high trait anxiety can alter multisensory processing of threat cues (by amplifying integration of angry faces and voices); however, it remains unknown whether differences in multisensory processing play a role in the psychological response to trauma. This study examined the relationship between multisensory emotion processing and intrusive memories over seven days following exposure to an analogue trauma in a sample of 55 healthy young adults. We used an adapted version of the trauma film paradigm, where scenes showing a car accident trauma were presented using virtual reality, rather than a conventional 2D film. |
X-ray CT scanners, due to the transmissive nature of X-rays, have enabled the non-destructive evaluation of industrial products, even inside their bodies. In light of its effectiveness, this study introduces a new approach to accelerate the inspection of many mechanical parts with the same shape in a bin. The input to this problem is a volumetric image (i.e., CT volume) of many parts obtained by a single CT scan. |
Let S⊆Rn be a compact semialgebraic set and let f be a polynomial nonnegative on S. Schmüdgen’s Positivstellensatz then states that for any η>0, the nonnegativity of f+η on S can be certified by expressing f+η
as a conic combination of products of the polynomials that occur in the inequalities defining S, where the coefficients are (globally nonnegative) sum-of-squares polynomials. It does not, however, provide explicit bounds on the degree of the polynomials required for such an expression. |
For a d-dimensional random vector X, let pn,X(θ) be the probability that the convex hull of n independent copies of X contains a given point θ. We provide several sharp inequalities regarding pn,X(θ) and NX(θ) denoting the smallest n for which pn,X(θ)≥1/2. As a main result, we derive the totally general inequality 1/2≤αX(θ)NX(θ)≤3d+1
, where αX(θ) (a.k.a. the Tukey depth) is the minimum probability that X is in a fixed closed halfspace containing the point θ. We also show several applications of our general results: one is a moment-based bound on NX(E[X])
, which is an important quantity in randomized approaches to cubature construction or measure reduction problem. |
We propose a decision support approach, called DESMILS, to solve multi-item lot sizing problems with a large number of items by using single-item multiobjective lot sizing models. This approach for making lot sizing decisions considers multiple conflicting objective functions and incorporates a decision maker’s preferences to find the most preferred Pareto optimal solutions. DESMILS applies clustering, and items in one cluster are treated utilizing preferences that the decision maker has provided for a representative item of the cluster. Thus, the decision maker provides preferences to solve the single-item lot sizing problem for few items only and not for every item. |
