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For the Neumann-Poincaré (double layer potential) operator in the three-dimensional elasticity we establish asymptotic formulas for eigenvalues converging to the points of the essential spectrum and discuss geometric and mechanical meaning of coefficients in these formulas. In particular, we establish that for any body, there are infinitely many eigenvalues converging from above to each point of the essential spectrum. On the other hand, if there is a point where the boundary is concave (in particular, if the body contains cavities) then for each point of the essential spectrum there exists a sequence of eigenvalues converging to this point from below. |
Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals suffer substantially from motion artifacts when recorded in ambulatory settings utilizing wearable sensors. Because the diagnosis of many neurological diseases is heavily reliant on clean EEG data, it is critical to eliminate motion artifacts from motion-corrupted EEG signals using reliable and robust algorithms. Although a few deep learning-based models have been proposed for the removal of ocular, muscle, and cardiac artifacts from EEG data to the best of our knowledge, there is no attempt has been made in removing motion artifacts from motion-corrupted EEG signals: In this paper, a novel 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) called multi-layer multi-resolution spatially pooled (MLMRS) network for signal reconstruction is proposed for EEG motion ... |
Italian governments have frequently chosen tax amnesties or concessions, with the twofold purpose of creating new budget resources and cancelling irredeemable debts. Such course of action constitutes a “shortcut” policy in terms of fighting tax evasion, which is a matter less popular among voters and more demanding in terms of efficiency and political continuity. This paper investigates the effects of the 2016–2019 tax concession, bringing empirical evidence based on the car tax paid to the Tuscany Region. The car tax is the main source of regional fiscal autonomy in Italy. In terms of revenue recovery, we found a net amount of only 1.6% of the unpaid taxes accrued. A difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis of the effects on compliance showed that those who took advantage of the tax... |
This book The Transmission Electron Microscope abundantly illustrates necessary insight and guidance of this powerful and versatile material characterization technique with complete figures and thorough explanations. The second edition of the book presents deep understanding of new techniques from introduction to advance levels, covering in-situ transmission electron microscopy, electron and focused ion beam microscopy, and biological diagnostic through TEM. The chapters cover all major aspects of transmission electron microscopy and their uses in material characterization with special emphasis on both the theoretical and experimental aspects of modern electron microscopy techniques. It is believed that this book will provide a solid foundation of electron microscopy to the students... |
Two-thirds of all businesses worldwide are family firms. For these family firms, absorptive capacity (AC) is key to acquiring, assimilating, transforming, and exploiting new, external knowledge for purposes of value creation. In this study, we conduct a literature review to obtain an overview of the existing research on AC in family firms. Drawing on 27 articles, we show that because of the family members’ induced influence on the family firm, the findings from previous studies based on non-family businesses cannot be applied to family businesses. In fact, we demonstrate that this influence can even create ambiguous effects on the integration of AC into the firm. |
Enterprise risk management (ERM) systems lessen the probability of risks harming a firm’s reputation for a number of reasons. First, a high-quality ERM system makes it less likely a firm will suffer a risk-based reputational crisis. Second, ERM systems help companies to behave more responsibly towards all stakeholders, thereby ensuring firms meet stakeholders’ expectations. Third, when a crisis stemming from an uncontrollable risk occurs, a high-quality ERM system helps to reduce the negative impact on reputation because stakeholders will not attribute guilt to a firm which has acted responsibly in its risk management. In this research, we explore the link between corporate reputation and ERM systems together with the role played by corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance ... |
We study a model for adversarial classification based on distributionally robust chance constraints. We show that under Wasserstein ambiguity, the model aims to minimize the conditional value-at-risk of the distance to misclassification, and we explore links to adversarial classification models proposed earlier and to maximum-margin classifiers. We also provide a reformulation of the distributionally robust model for linear classification, and show it is equivalent to minimizing a regularized ramp loss objective. |
The uniqueness of human labour is at question in times of smart technologies. As computing power and data available increases, the discussion on technological unemployment reawakens. Prominently, Frey and Osborne (Technol Forecast Soc Change 114:254–280, 2017) estimated that half of US employment must be considered exposed to computerization within the next 20 years; followed by a series of papers expanding the research with information on heterogeneous job-specific tasks within the same jobs diminishing digitization potentials to only smaller fractions of workers at high risk. |
Optimization is about finding the best available object with respect to an objective function. Mathematics and quantitative sciences have been highly successful in formulating problems as optimization problems, and constructing clever processes that find optimal objects from sets of objects. As computers have become readily available to most people, optimization and optimized processes play a very broad role in societies. It is not obvious, however, that the optimization processes that work for mathematics and abstract objects should be readily applied to complex and open social systems. In this paper we set forth a framework to understand when optimization is limited, particularly for complex and open social systems. |
This work shows that a soft, thin film comprising randomly aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can reduce surface wear more effectively than a homogeneous thin film because of enhanced elastic recoverability and contact stress relief originating from its mesh structure. To investigate the wear characteristics of the mesh structure compared to those of the homogeneous thin film, multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) and diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films were prepared to conduct nanoscale tribological experiments using the atomic force microscopy (AFM). The MWCNT thin film showed unmeasurably low wear compared with the DLC thin film under a certain range of normal load. To demonstrate the wear reduction mechanism of the MWCNT thin film, its indentation and frictional behaviors were assessed. |
