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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by degenerative articular cartilage changes and secondary hyperosteogeny [1], affecting 10–15% of adults over the age of 60 worldwide [2]. OA is a major cause of disability, and its incidence, which is related to sex, age, obesity, joint trauma, and other factors, is on the rise, bringing a huge economic burden to patients and society [3, 4]. The pathogenesis of OA involves a redox state imbalance leading to oxidative stress, aging, and apoptosis in chondrocytes, as well as decreased anabolism and increased catabolism of the extracellular matrix [5, 6]. After articular cartilage injury, it is mainly repaired by the prolifera... |
Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)-based semiconducting electrospun nanocomposite fibrous emitters were successfully fabricated by combining P3HT with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and commercially available CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs). The latter were employed as a synergistic photoluminescence emitter of high efficiency within the P3HT/PEO blended polymer matrix, while PEO was used as an auxiliary polymer to assist the electrospinnability of P3HT. The produced materials were characterized with respect to their chemical composition and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy/energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (TEM/EDX) whereas f... |
Cypermethrin (CYP) is a synthetic pyrethroid utilized as an insecticide in agriculture and various pest eradication programs. However, it induces numerous health hazards for animals and humans. Therefore, the current study used Panax ginseng root extract (ginseng) to reduce the hepatorenal damage caused by commercially used CYP. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were distributed into control, ginseng (300 mg/kg B.W/day), CYP (4.67 mg/kg B.W.), and Ginseng+CYP (rats received both CYP and ginseng). All treatments were administered orally for 30 consecutive days. Cypermethrin induced harmful effects on hepatic and renal tissues through a substantial decline in body weight in addition to... |
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the scan time for acquiring an image is relatively long, resulting in patient uncomfortable and error artifacts. Fortunately, the compressed sensing (CS) and parallel magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) can reduce the scan time of the MRI without significantly compromising the quality of the images. It has been found that the combination of pMRI and CS can better improve the image reconstruction, which will accelerate the speed of MRI acquisition because the number of measurements is much smaller than that by pMRI. In this paper, we propose combining a combined CS method and pMRI for better accelerating the MRI acquisition. In the combined CS method,... |
We construct and analyze a domain decomposition method to solve a class of singularly perturbed parabolic problems of reaction-diffusion type having Robin boundary conditions. The method considers three subdomains, of which two are finely meshed, and the other is coarsely meshed. The partial differential equation associated with the problem is discretized using the finite difference scheme on each subdomain, while the Robin boundary conditions associated with the problem are approximated using a special finite difference scheme to maintain the accuracy. |
Pareto efficiency for robust linear programs was introduced by Iancu and Trichakis in [Manage Sci 60(1):130–147, 9]. We generalize their approach and theoretical results to robust optimization problems in Euclidean spaces with affine uncertainty. Additionally, we demonstrate the value of this approach in an exemplary manner in the area of robust semidefinite programming (SDP). In particular, we prove that computing a Pareto robustly optimal solution for a robust SDP is tractable and illustrate the benefit of such solutions at the example of the maximal eigenvalue problem. Furthermore, we modify the famous algorithm of Goemans and Williamson [Assoc Comput Mach 42(6):1115–1145, 8] in or... |
In recent years, path dependence has gained increasing scientific attention in many disciplines, leading to various new concepts and notations, such as path creation or path plasticity. However, if mathematical arguments are used, they are based on the early works by Brian W. Arthur and Paul A. David, usually referring to the mathematical concept of ergodicity. We extend their mathematical framework and develop a graphical representation of systems that allows for a metaphorical discussion of system behaviors beyond the original cases, especially in evolving systems, and the inclusion of the recently developed concepts within path dependence. Visualizations are used to explain the def... |
The technology of functionally graded concrete (FGC) is a new methodology in the field of concrete construction, striving for mass savings by adjusting the elements interior design. A promising approach herein is meso-gradation, where concrete hollow spheres are placed inside the formwork before casting the element; this allows up to 50% mass savings without a loss in load-bearing capacity, whilst also ensuring recyclability compared to e.g. bubble decks. In order to prevent damage/displacement of the spheres during automated fabrication, the extruded concrete flow must avoid the spheres, whilst neatly covering the elements area in order to prevent cavities. Both requirements formulat... |
This book addresses the issue of how a country, which was incorporated into the world economy as a periphery, could make a transition to the emerging state, capable of undertaking the task of economic development and industrialization. It offers historical and contemporary case studies of transition, as well as the international background under which such a transition was successfully made (or delayed), by combining the approaches of economic history and development economics. Its aim is to identify relevant historical contexts, that is, the ‘initial conditions’ and internal and external forces which governed the transition. It also aims to understand what current low-income developi... |
This open access book provides a unique study of the complexities and consequences of irregular legal status of Senegalese migrants in Europe. It employs sophisticated quantitative methods to analyze unique life-history data to produce policy-relevant conclusions. Using the MAFE dataset as empirical evidence, the book focuses on the legal paths of Senegalese migrants in three different European countries. It shows how multiple contexts of reception produce pathways into irregular legal status and how the resulting complex configurations of irregular status shape migrants' economic integration into their host societies as well as their ongoing participation in the development of their ... |
The global mortality rate of patients with MV is very high, despite a significant variation worldwide. Previous studies conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa among ICU patients focused on the pattern of admission and the incidence of mortality. However, the body of evidence on the clinical outcomes among patients with MV is still uncertain. |
Programming patterns are solutions to problems that require the creation of a small fragment of code that will be part of a larger program. Hence, this book is about teaching you how to write such fragments of code. However, it is not about teaching you the syntax of the statements in the fragments, it assumes that you already know the syntax. Instead, it is about finding solutions to problems that arise when first learning to program. |
To solve the problem of ambiguous attribute selection in existing decision tree classification algorithms, a decision tree construction method based on information entropy, PCMIgr, is proposed. PCMIgr is a heuristic method based on greedy strategy. At each decision tree node, when it is necessary to select classification attributes for division, the attribute with the highest information gain ratio is selected. The main innovation of this method is that the attribute selection in the traditional classification method based on decision tree is optimized, and the classification efficiency of the constructed decision tree is improved compared with that before optimization. |
As hydrogen gas increasingly becomes critical as a carbon-free energy carrier, the demand for robust hydrogen sensors for leak detection and concentration monitor will continue to rise. However, to date, there are no lightweight sensors capable of meeting the required performance metrics for the safe handling of hydrogen. Here, we report an electrical hydrogen gas sensor platform based on a resistance nanonetwork derived from Pd-Co composite hole arrays (CHAs) on a glass substrate, which meets or exceeds these metrics. In optimal nanofabrication conditions, a single poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)-coated CHA nanosensor exhibits a response time (t80) of 1.0 s at the lower flammability ... |
The development of virtual reality (VR) in enhancing the effectiveness of the learning process, with its interactive, immersive, and intuitive pedagogical environment, has become a necessity for corporations with increasingly complex operations. However, VR users’ perceptions, openness and learning effectiveness are seldom comprehensively evaluated, particularly in learning complex industrial operations. In this study, grounded in the technology acceptance model, a moderated mediation model of perceived usefulness, ease of use, openness to experience, and engagement in VR-based learning was developed. The model was empirically validated using responses collected from 321 users who wer... |
Artificial Intelligence and algorithms are increasingly able to replace human workers in cognitively sophisticated tasks, including ones related to justice. Many governments and international organizations are discussing policies related to the application of algorithmic judges in courts. In this paper, we investigate the public perceptions of algorithmic judges. Across two experiments (N = 1,822), and an internal meta-analysis (N = 3,039), our results show that even though court users acknowledge several advantages of algorithms (i.e., cost and speed), they trust human judges more and have greater intentions to go to the court when a human (vs. an algorithmic) judge adjudicates. |
In this article, we consider the information leakage and outage probabilities of a multiple-input single-output (MISO) energy-harvesting (EH) Internet of Things (IoT) system in which a multiantenna ground base station (GBS) transmits messages to legitimate IoT destinations (LIDs) with the help of IoT relays (IRs) using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in the presence of a malicious jammer (MJ) and eavesdroppers (EAVs). The communication protocol is separated into two phases. In the EH phase, the IRs harvest energy from a power beacon (PB). In the information transmission (IT) phase, the communication process is further divided into two subphases: 1) The GBS broadcasts signals to ... |
