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In his now classic writings on the origin of cancer, Sir Richard Doll1 proposed 3 potential causative factors underlying tumor development: (1) environmental factors, particularly diet, industrial pollution, and viruses; (2) systemic factors, including breakdowns in immunosurveillance; and (3) genetic factors, such as the degree of susceptibility to cancer. Since Doll’s publications in the late 1970s, the biology underlying these proposed causative factors—which were derived largely from epidemiological studies—has been carefully scrutinized to determine the causes of cancer at the biochemical, cellular, and molecular levels. Because
of the intensity of biological research and the rapidity with which findings have become available, we now know that cancer is a disease resulting fro... |
Current Emergency Diagnosis & Treatment, seventh edition, is designed to present concise, easy-to-read, practical information on the diagnosis and treatment of a wide spectrum of conditions that present to the emergency department. The chapters emphasize the immediate management of life-threatening problems and then present the evaluation and treatment of specific disorders. We trust that this text will aid all practitioners of emergency medicine in providing care to their patients. |
This book offers the perspective that nursing theory
is essentially connected with nursing practice, research, education, and development. Nursing theories, regardless of complexity or abstraction, reflect
nursing and are used by nurses to frame their thinking, action, and being in the world. As guides for
nursing endeavors, nursing theories are practical in
nature and facilitate communication with those being nursed as well as with colleagues, students, and
persons practicing in related health and illness services. At the same time, all aspects of nursing are essential for developing and evolving nursing theory.
It is hoped that these pages make clear the interrelations of nursing theory and various nursing endeavors, and that the discipline and practice of nursing
will thus... |
This book is a tribute to nursing theorists and a classic in theoretical nursing literature. It presents many major thinkers in nursing, reviews their important knowledge-building ideas, lists their publications, and points the reader to those using the works and writing about them in their own theoretical publications.
Unit I introduces the text with a brief history of nursing knowledge development and its significance to the
discipline and practice of the profession in Chapter 1. Other chapters in Unit I discuss the history, philosophy of science and the framework for analysis used throughout the text, logical reasoning and theory development processes, and the structure of knowledge and types of knowledge within that structure. Ten works from earlier editions of Nursing Theoris... |
As we continue to be challenged by the organization and financing of the contemporary health
care system, as well as a worldwide nursing shortage, the need to articulate what nursing is and
can be has never been more critical. Conceptual models of nursing and nursing theories provide
clear answers to questions about what nursing is, what nursing can be, and how what nursing is
and can be influences what nurses do—or should do. Conceptual models of nursing and nursing
theories also provide:
• Answers for nurse educators, who continue to seek better ways to prepare students for
current and future trends in health services.
• Answers for nurse researchers, who continue to seek ways to identify the phenomena of
central interest to nursing and to design studies that reflect nurs... |
This seventh edition of Principles and Methods Nursing Research: presents many important changes to this textbook. This edition retains the features that have made this an award-winning textbook, while introducing revisions that will make it more relevant in an environment that is increasingly focused on evidence-based nursing practice. |
There are a number of excellent introductory textbooks available on qualitative research, so the decision to produce yet another one perhaps needs justifying. We have written this one in response to frequent requests from our students,v who are predominantly postgraduates with considerable professional experience but little prior knowledge of the social sciences. They come from almost all countries in the world, and want an introduction to qualitative methods that is sensitive to the practicalities of doing sound research on health topics in a wide variety of settings. Although the principles of research design and conduct may be the same wherever it is happening, and whatever the topic studied, clearly the practice is not. First, the context of health research may be rather differe... |
In writing this book, we had two overriding goals. The first was to provide a textbook from
which graduate and advanced undergraduate students could really learn about data analysis.
Over the years we have experimented with various organizations of the content and have
concluded that bottom-up is better than top-down learning. In view of this, most chapters
begin with an informal intuitive discussion of key concepts to be covered, followed by the
introduction of a real data set along with some informal discussion about how we propose
to analyze the data. At that point, having given the student a foundation on which to build,
we provide a more formal justification of the computations that are involved both in
exploring and in drawing conclusions about the data, as well as an ... |
Welcome to Quantitative Methods for Health Research, a study programme designed to introduce
you to the knowledge and skills required to make sense of published health research, and to begin
designing and carrying out studies of your own.
The book is based closely on materials developed and tested over almost ten years with the
Master of Public Health (MPH) programme at the University of Liverpool, UK. A key theme of
our approach to teaching and learning is to ensure a reasonable level of theoretical knowledge
(as this helps to provide a solid basis to knowledge), while placing at least as much emphasis
on the application of theory to practice (to demonstrate what actually happens when theoretical
‘ideals’ come up against reality). For these reasons, the learning materials h... |