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The escalating curiosity in bacterial cellulose (BC) due to exceptional attributes such as purity, biodegradability, non-toxicity, porous fibrillar structure, and high water retention potential expand its applications to tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, and cosmetics. BC has proved highly prospective to be used to manufacture innovative wound care solutions, drug carriers and delivering complexes. The drug-carrying BC found enormous applications in dental therapies, wound care, and scare-free wound management. Various degradation techniques of BC under antibiotic environments and physiological conditions offer different advantages in drug design. |
Ginseng has been well-known as a medicinal plant for thousands of years. Bacterial endophytes ubiquitously colonize the inside tissues of ginseng without any disease symptoms. The identification of bacterial endophytes is conducted through either the internal transcribed spacer region combined with ribosomal sequences or metagenomics. Bacterial endophyte communities differ in their diversity and composition profile, depending on the geographical location, cultivation condition, and tissue, age, and species of ginseng. Bacterial endophytes have a significant effect on the growth of ginseng through indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, and nitr... |
The grounds for refusal or invalidity relating to trade marks filed in bad faith or being contrary to public policy or accepted principles of morality are based entirely on undefined concepts and require a value judgement to be made by the adjudicating authorities. This openness has led to the exploration of new lanes for these grounds in case law beyond the traditional scope of their application. This paper examines how the flexibility of the concepts at hand has led to considerable uncertainty in assessing whether a particular mark is registered in bad faith or offends against morality and public policy – and in some cases both. In particular, the objective, consistent viewpoint of ... |
The recent bailout of Credit Suisse is noteworthy for many reasons. One of them is that, while AT1 bondholders were wiped out, shareholders were not. This violates the ‘absolute priority rule’ which is central to corporate reorganisation and bank resolution regimes. In this article, we analyse the motives and mechanics of the write-down and argue that, given the bond terms, the prospect for a legal challenge by the bondholders is slim. At the same time, we question the merits of the write-down. Bondholders should fare no worse than common equity, regardless of whether a financial institution is put in an insolvency proceeding or bailed out, and the applicable bond terms should reflect... |
The management of shared resources in multicore processors is an open problem due to the continuous evolution of these systems. The trend toward increasing the number of cores and organizing them in clusters sets out new challenges not considered in previous works. In this paper, we characterize the use of the shared cache and memory bandwidth of an AMD Rome processor executing multiprogrammed workloads and propose several mechanisms that control the use of these resources to improve the system performance and fairness. Our control mechanisms require no hardware or operating system modifications. We evaluate Balancer on a real system running SPEC CPU2006 and CPU2017 applications. Bala... |
In the era of digitalization, Blockchain is an evolving technology that has the potential to change the shape of numerous industries. Blockchain is considered the transforming technology that has the ability to change the conventional supply chain network by providing additional transparency of transactions in terms of information and physical goods. Additionally, the implementation of blockchain technology in the supply chain is required to accomplish the objectives of industry 4.0. However, there has to date been a scarcity of blockchain implementations due to the numerous barriers associated with it. Therefore, the primary aim of this research is to identify and investigate the maj... |
Bee pollen extract (BPE)-based polymer nanoparticles (BPENP) were fabricated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and targeted with folic acid and were further characterized. Mice groups are: Group 1 received saline, whereas Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 received a single dose of urethane, followed by weekly injections of butylated hydroxy-toluene (BHT). After the BHT injection, the mice in Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 received BPE, Avastin, BPENP, and BPENP + Avastin, respectively. The number and size of tumors were decreased in Group 6 compared to those in the other groups. The ratios of early and late apoptotic cells in Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 (42.8%, 41.4%, 26.2%, and 45.4%, respectively) were high... |
This book aims to narrate fundamental concepts of structural design to architecture students such that they have minimum involvement with math problem-solving. Within this book, students learn about different types of loads, forces and vector addition, the concept of equilibrium, internal forces, geometrical and material properties of structural elements, and rules of thumb for estimating the proportion of some structural systems such as catenary cables and arches, trusses, and frame structures. |
In Basic Engineering Data Collection and Analysis, Stephen B. Vardeman and J. Marcus Jobe stress the practical over the theoretical. Step by step, students get real engineering data and scenario examples along with chapter-long case studies that illustrate concepts in realistic, thoroughly detailed situations. This approach encourages students to work through the material by carrying out data collection and analysis projects from problem formulation through the preparation of professional technical reports—just as if they were on the job. |
This article probes the usefulness of the notion of basic level categorisation for legal theory. Basic level categorisation is the central part of the vertical dimension of Eleanor Rosch’s prototype theory. It addresses the question about the various levels of abstraction at which humans can categorise the world. Extensive anthropological, psychological and linguistic research has proven that there is a preferable level of abstraction, namely the basic level, at which primary categorical cuts of the perceived world are made. Three areas of legal theory are identified when applying these findings. The first is the area of visualisation of legal rules. The notion of basic level categori... |
We compare the forecasting performance of small and large Bayesian vector-autoregressive (BVAR) models for the United States. We do the forecast evaluation of the competing models for the sample that ends before the pandemic and for the sample that contains the pandemic period. The findings document that these models can be used for structural analysis and generate credible impulse response functions. Furthermore, the results indicate that there are only small gains from the application of a large BVAR model compared to a small BVAR model. |
The aims of this study were to investigate the presence, possible sources, and potential ecological risks of synthetic musk fragrances in freshwaters and sediments of the main tributaries of a deep subalpine lake in Northern Italy. The total musk concentrations ranged from few ng L−1 up to values > 500 ng L−1, depending on river characteristics: water flow and the presence of wastewater effluents proved to be the main factors affecting fragrance concentrations. The water flow may indeed dilute fragrance input mainly deriving from treated wastewaters. Good correlations (determination coefficients > 0.60) between synthetic fragrances concentrations and parameters related to anthropogeni... |
This paper provides a behavioural and welfare analysis of an intermediary in biodiversity offset markets. These markets are characterised by high information requirements and transaction costs, threatening economic efficiency and even biodiversity outcomes. Specialised intermediaries facilitate trading by providing information and brokering services. By buying, holding and selling offset credits from storage, the intermediary can decrease both financial and ecological risks in the market. As a drawback, the intermediary may exploit market power upstream or downstream due to ecological features of the offset market. Intermediaries decrease the trading parties’ transaction costs by offe... |
This paper develops the notion of being right-with, a conceptual lens that underscores what happens when individuals turn to human rights law and other legal processes and proceedings to address injustices by the state. It does this through a critical multi-directional reading of two Uganda High Court appeal cases that overturned the decision of a lower court which at first instance had convicted Dr Stella Nyanzi of the offences of cyber harassment and offensive communications. Being right-with is a regulative and coercive idea within human rights law that animates a violent irrepressible police drive. I use being right-with to assert that when individuals make rights claims under hum... |
This title provides managers, executives and other professionals with an innovative method for critical decision-making. The book explains the reasons for decision failures using the Law of Unintended Consequences. This account draws on the work of sociologist Robert K. Merton, psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman, and economist Herbert Simon to identify two primary causes: cognitive biases and bounded rationality. It introduces an innovative method for “test driving” decisions that addresses both causes by combining scenario planning and “what-if” simulations. This method enables professionals to learn safely from virtual mistakes rather than real ones. It also provides fo... |
Quorum sensing is a well-known term for describing bacterial cell–cell communication. Bacteria use quorum sensing pathways to respond to external factors such as nutrient availability, defense mechanisms, and coordinate host toxic behaviors such as biofilm formation, virulence production, and other pathogenesis. Discovery of novel compounds which inhibit quorum sensing without being antibiotic are currently emerging fields. Herein, the library of fifteen benzo[d]thiazole/quinoline-2-thiol bearing 2-oxo-2-substituted-phenylethan-1-yl compounds was designed, synthesized and evaluated to find novel quorum sensing inhibitors. Firstly, compounds were evaluated for their growth inhibitory a... |
This paper analyzes Bernardo Vittone’s self-invented room height method by translating it algebraically and comparing it with the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means. The conclusion suggests that Vittone might have used the golden ratio to develop his room height method. |
The aim of this paper is to present a solution to a problem that arises from the fact that people who commit crimes under the influence of serious mental disorders may still have a capacity to refuse treatment. Several ethicists have argued that the present legislation concerning involuntary treatment of people with mental disorder is discriminatory and should change to the effect that psychiatric patients can refuse care on the same grounds as patients in somatic care. However, people with mental disorders who have committed crimes and been exempted from criminal responsibility would then fall outside the scope of criminal justice as well as that of the psychiatric institutions if th... |
The United Nations and major humanitarian organizations have made policy commitments to promote gender equality and empower women and girls. This study assesses the extent to which humanitarian responses have met these commitments based on reviews of gender mainstreaming, textual analysis of policy and program cycle documents, and interviews with humanitarian actors. The analysis reveals that while gender mainstreaming may raise awareness and make fixes at the margins, its focus has been limited to altering internal processes rather than emphasizing results for women and men and girls and boys. Our study also analyzes the cultural and institutional context in which gender mainstreamin... |